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How can similar reactions to food products be told apart? 10% One in ten people are allergic to at least one food product. 20% At least twice as many people have a food intolerance. FOOD ALLERGIES CAN OCCUR WITHIN SECONDS, SHOWING SIGNS WITHIN TWO HOURS IT CAN TAKE UP TO TWO DAYS FOR AN INTOLERANCE TO DISPLAY SYMPTOMS IMMUNE SYSTEM INVOLVED Allergies occur when the immune system wrongly mistakes a type of food for a threat and tries to fight against it. IMMUNE SYSTEM NOT INVOLVED When the immune system is not alerted, the areas affected are more limited. Gluten intolerance is the only exception. DEADLY TRACE Any amount of a food allergen can cause severe reactions – sometimes even being near the food. VOLUME FLEXIBILITY Different people are able to consume different amounts before they show symptoms of intolerance. HIGH RISK Severe allergies can lead to unconsciousness and become a risk to life. LOW RISK Affected areas are limited to the digestive tract. OVERACTIVE The body undertakes ...

  Crumple Theory: We Can Learn a Lot From How Paper Crumples Learning how materials react when compressed in "geometric frustration" is behind the science of crumple theory, which aids in the design of all kinds of everyday products and materials.  What do a sheet of paper being crushed into a ball and tossed into a wastebasket, the front end of a car deforming in a crash, and the Earth's crust gradually forming mountains over millions of years all have in common? They're all undergoing a physical process called crumpling, which occurs when a relatively thin sheet of material — one with a thickness that's much less than its length or width — has to fit into a smaller area. And while it's easy to imagine crumpling as mere desultory disarray, scientists who've studied crumpling have discovered that it's anything but that. To the contrary, crumpling turns out to be a predictable, reproducible process governed by mathematics. The latest breakthrough in our...